Online Textbook

Practical Approach to Precision Balancing

FIFTH REVISED EDITION 2002

by Ralph T. Buscarello

Usually, balancing courses don’t include topics that are given in vibration courses such as understanding the effects of resonance, beats, or even how to determine if the vibration didn’t actually result from rotor unbalance. These topics plague the balancing specialist, and although they are covered much more completely in a regular vibration analysis course, enough will be provided so that the balancing specialist could eliminate these difficulties.

This text is not a complete balancing textbook with all varieties of terminology needed by the reader completely new to the subject. Instead, it has been written to help and assist those who have already attended Update's machinery improvement seminars. Also see Update's Balancing Seminar and Seminar Schedule.

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INDEX

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1. Introduction
2. Basic Understanding of Various Dynamic Unbalance Forces in Rotors
3. Unbalance Forces are Always a “Resultant” of One or More Combined Forces
4. Various Combinations of Dynamic Unbalance
5. How a Single Unbalance Force Can Cause Some Couple Unbalance
6. Complications Created by Unbalance in Overhung Rotors
7. Improving Field Balancing of Overhung Rotors
8. Considerations for Single Plane versus Two Plane Balancing
9. Unbalance in Couplings
10. Unbalance Tolerances
11. Meaning of Unbalance “Cross Effects” and “Plane Separation”
12. When to Request Balancing Using the Static and Couple Method
13. Determining Balancing Tolerances for Static and Couple Unbalance
14. Residual Static Unbalance Effect on “False” Couple Unbalance
15. How Vectorial Combinations Add to Each Other Differently Than in Ordinary Arithmetic
16. Additional Helpful Balancing Facts
17. Developing Further Understanding of Balancing
18. Placing the “Final Weight” While Maintaining Precision Balance
19. Determining the Radius at which the Unbalance is Acting
20. Determining a Trial Weight’s Center of Gravity
21. When Balancing Corrections Cannot be Placed at the Desired Position
22. Careful Placement of the “Final” Balance Correction Weights to Preserve the Balance Obtained with Trial Weights
23. Accurately Determining the Dimensions of Final Balance Weights
24. Unbalance Due to Assembly Errors
25. Understanding the Orbit of a Rotor’s Centerline Due to Unbalance (When Running Above Resonance)
26. Vibration Phase Relative to Resonance
27. Using Phase Change to Determine a Resonant Condition
28. Watching Phase vs RPM Change to Determine Resonant Ranges
29. Use of Variable Speed Vibration Shaker
30. Using Shaker to Determine Whether Fault is Due to Weak Structure or Vibration Source
31. To Determine a Bent Shaft (Using Phase)
32. Resonant Whirl
33. Understanding Resonant Whirl Correction for All Types of Susceptible Rotors through “Whip” Correction of Papermachine Roll
34. Removing Whip from a Previously Balanced Rotor or Roll
35. Whip Correction Procedure for Resonant Whirl at Rotor’s First Critical Speed
36. Whip Correction Procedures for Resonant Whirl at Rotor’s Second
    Critical Speed
37. Using the “Vector Method” for Static/Couple Field Balancing of Rotors in Two Correction Planes
38. Vibration Due to Beats
39. Considerations for Low Frequency Vibration
40. Using Understanding of Vectorial Addition of Vibration Analysis
    

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